14^th World Congress on Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018-11-06 London ,UK

Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch was established to integrate and synergize multidisciplinary clinical pertaining to cancers of the lungs, chest cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Our team approach to thoracic and gastrointestinal malignancies is designed to hasten the development of novel treatments for a wide range of cancers that affect more than a half million patients per year. But are not limited to, cancers of the lung, thymus, pleura and chest wall, oesophagus, stomach, liver, bile ducts, pancreas and intestines. The TGIB was a large branch of NCI that spans the spectrum of basic research, clinical trials and patient care all aimed at better detection, prevention and treatment of patients with these cancers. 

Gastrointestinal radiology has expanded its scope beyond conventional abdominal radiography, barium studies, and cholecystography. Ultrasonography allows imaging of solid abdominal organs and the intestine without the use of radiation. Computed tomography now allows comprehensive assessment of abdominal and pelvic inflammatory and infectious processes, obstruction, tumor detection and staging, and display of vasculature and blunt trauma effects that were not possible 50 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging provides multiplanar imaging to the same degree, without the use of radiation. Barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract, enteroclysis for small-bowel assessment, and conventional radiography still have a role despite the extensive use of fiberoptic endoscopy. 

Neurogastroenterology includes the study associated with brain, the alimentary canal, and their interactions with significance to the comprehension and management of gastrointestinal motility and functional GI disorders. Neurogastroenterology concentrates on the functions, malfunctions, and the malformations of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions of the digestive tract.

Cancer that develop within pancreas fall into two types they are: cancer of endocrine pancreas and cancer of exocrine pancreas. Islets of Langerhans cancer grow slowly compared to exocrine cancer. It release hormones in the blood stream and further characteristic by hormone they produce (insulin, glucagon,gastric).The subtypes include: Squamous,Pancreatic progenitor,Aberrantly differentiated endocrine exocrine,Immunogenic. Symptoms of exocrine pancreatic cancer include:jaundice,dark urine,itchy skin,light-colored stools,pain in the abdomen or the back. Pancreatic cancer is diagonised by four different stages they are :

Stage 0: Cancer is found only in the lining of the pancreatic ducts. it also is called carcinoma in situ

Stage I: Cancer has formed only in the pancreas.

Stage II: Cancer may have spread or advanced to nearby tissue and organs and lymph nodes near the pancreas.

Stage III: Cancer has spread or progressed to the major blood vessels near the pancreas and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Stage IV: Cancer can be of any size and has spread to reserved organs, such as the liver, lung, and peritoneal cavity. It may also spread to organs and tissues near the pancreas or to lymph nodes. It is also called as end stage of pancreas

Gastrointestinal disorder include constipation, irritable bowel disorder, anal fistulas, colitis and cancer. Functional disorders are those in which the gastrointestinal (GI) tract looks normal but doesn't work properly. They are the most common problems affecting the GI tract (including the colon and rectum). Constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two common examples.There are several factors they are Eating a diet low in fiber, Not enough exercise ,Traveling or other changes in routine , Eating large amounts of dairy products , Stress , Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement. 

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. The liver is a vital organ its main function is to filter the blood and fight against the infection . When the liver gets damaged, its function can be affected. Hepatitis is caused due to Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions. However, hepatitis is most often caused by a virus. The most common types are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.

Chronic non-viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that lasts for months or years. For example, if you have a bacteria infection that affects the liver, but don’t treat it, the damage to the liver can become so severe over time that it renders the organ incapable of performing its functions. The longer you leave the inflammation untreated, the higher the chances of liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Certain genetic diseases you live with your entire life can disrupt normal liver function and, as a result, cause long-term liver inflammation which is basically a form of chronic non-viral hepatitis. 

Metabolic liver disease is caused due to abnormal chemical reactions in the body that disrupt the body’s metabolism. When this happens, the body has too much of some substances or too little of others to stay healthy. There are several kinds of metabolic liver disease in children they are Crigler-Najjar syndrome: a disease in which the body cannot break down bilirubin. Dubin-Johnson syndrome: a disease in which the body is unable to remove bilirubin from the liver. Gilbert’s disease: a disease that affects the way bilirubin is processed by the liver. Hemochromatosis: a disease in which too much iron builds up in the body. Wilson disease: a disease in which too much copper builds up in the body

Liver diseases diagnosis are multiple causes of liver disease. Some are infective, some are genetic or autoimmune and some metabolic.This makes diagnosis difficult and often there are a battery of tests that need to be performed in order to correctly diagnose the underlying cause for the disease.Fever, jaundice, pain over the right upper part of the liver should prompt medical attention. 

Liver failure is caused due to when large parts of the liver become damaged beyond repair and  when the liver is unable to function. Liver failure occurs gradually and over many years. However, a more rare condition known as acute liver failure and can be difficult to detect initially. Causes of liver failure are Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Long-term alcohol consumption , Cirrhosis , Hemochromatosis , Malnutrition.

Diabetes mellitus prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat. It cause damage to the pancreas, an organ that produces the hormone insulin. There are two main types of diabetes they are type 1 and type 2. It is caused due to various causes they are Autoimmune disease , High blood pressure , Abnormal blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels , Age, Alcohol , Smoking ,  Pregnancy. 

Cirrhosis is defined histologically by the presence of severe fibrosis with distortion of vascular architecture and presence of regenerative nodules. Main causes are Alcohol abuse,  Chronic viral hepatitis B and C, Autoimmune hepatitis ,Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis , autoimmune diseases.

•   Advances in the Management of Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
•   Elobixibat  and Its Potential Role in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.
•   Hepatitis B Virus Treatment Beyond the Guidelines.
•   The Role of Capsule Endoscopy in Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
•   Clostridium Difficile Infection: Management Strategies for a Difficult Disease
•   Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Following First-line Sorafenib.
•   The Role of Personalized Medicine in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
•   Endoscopic Approaches to Treatment of Achalasia.